Part 1
General Provisions
Chapter 1
Application of the Code
Article 1
A conduct is punishable only when expressly so provided by the law at the time of its commission. This also applies to a rehabilitative measure which puts restrictions on personal freedom.
Article 2
When the law is amended after the commission of an offense, the law in force of its commission shall apply; provided that when the amended law is favorable to the offender, the most favorable law shall apply.
For punishment made as a rehabilitative measure that does not involve confiscation or restrictions on personal freedom, the law in force at the time of judgment shall apply.
When a judgment has been finalized with a punishment or a rehabilitative measure but not yet executed or before the end of execution, and the law is amended to a state with no punishment or rehabilitative measure for the offense, the punishment or the rehabilitative measure shall be remitted.
Article 3
This Code shall apply to an offense committed within the territory of the Republic of China. An offense committed on board a vessel or aircraft of the Republic of China outside the territory of the Republic of China shall be considered an offense committed within the territory of the Republic of China.
Article 4
Where either the conduct or the result of an offense takes place within the territory of the Republic of China, the offense shall be considered as committed within the territory of the Republic of China.
Article 5
This Code shall apply to any of the following offenses outside the territories of the Republic of China:
1. The offense of sedition specified in Article 100.
2. The offense of treason specified in Article 103.
3. The offense of obstructing governmental operation specified in Article 135, 136 or 138.
4. The offenses against public safety specified in Article 185-1 or 185-2.
5. The offenses of counterfeiting currency specified in Article 195 to 199.
6. The offenses of counterfeiting securities specified in Articles 201 to 202.
7. The offenses of forgery specified in Articles 211, 214, 218 or 216, in which only includes using forged official documents as specified in Articles 211, 213 and 214.
8. The drug offenses specified in Chapter 20, except for the offenses of drug abuse or possession of drugs, seeds or application tools or drug.
9. The offenses against personal freedom specified in Articles 296 and 296-1.
10. The offenses of piracy specified in Articles 333 and 334.
11. The offenses of aggravated fraud specified in Articles 339-4.
Article 6
This Code shall apply to any of the following offenses committed by a public official of the Republic of China outside the territory of the Republic of China：
1. The offenses of malfeasance specified in Articles 121 to 123, 125, 126, 129, 131, 132, or 134.
2. The offense of facilitating escape specified in Article 163.
3. The offenses of forgery specified in Article 213.
4. The offenses of embezzlement specified in Article 336,paragraph 1.
Article 7
This Code shall apply where any national of Republic of China commits an offense which is not specified in one of the two preceding articles but is punishable for not less than 3 years of imprisonment outside the territory of the Republic of China; unless the offense is not punishable by the law of the place where the offense is committed.
Article 8
The provisions of the preceding article shall apply mutatis mutandis to an alien who commits an offense outside the territory of the Republic of China against a national of the Republic of China.
Article 9
An offense is punishable under this Code despite that a finalized judgment has been rendered by a foreign tribunal；where the punishment has been entirely or partly executed in the foreign country, the execution of the punishment in the Republic of China may be entirely or partly remitted.
Article 10
The term “not less than,” “not more than,” or “within” includes the given figure.
The term “public official” means the following persons:
1. Those who empowered with legal function and power serve an organization of the state or a local autonomous body; and engaged in public affairs in accordance with law.
2. Those who, entrusted by an organ of the state or a local autonomous body, are engaged in the public affairs within the authority of the entrusting organization.
The term “official document” means a document made by a public official in the course of his duty.
The term “serious physical injury” means one of the following listed injuries:
1. Destruction of or seriously damage to the sight of one eye or both eyes.
2. Destruction of or serious damage to the hearing of one eye or both ears.
3. Destruction of or serious damage to the function of speech, taste, or smell.
4. Destruction of or serious damage to the function of one limb or more limbs.
5. Destruction of or serious damage to the function of reproduction.
6. Other serious injury to body or to health that is either impossible or difficult to cure (is either not or unlikely curable).
The term “sexual intercourse” means the following listed sexual acts that are not based on rightful purposes:
1. Insertion of a reproductive organ into the reproductive organ, anus or mouth of another person or an act of making them connected.
2. Insertion of a body part or an object other than a reproductive organ into the reproductive organ or anus of another person or an act of making them connected.
The term “electromagnetic recording” means records for computer processing made through the use of electronic, magnetic, optical or other similar means.
The term “abuse” means any act of abuse or maltreatment of another person in a violent, coercive or inhumane way.
Article 11
The General Provisions of this Code shall also apply to other laws and to rehabilitative measures that provide criminal punishment and confiscation unless the punishment is otherwise prescribed in these laws and measures.
Chapter 2
Criminal Responsibility
Article 12
A conduct is not punishable unless committed intentionally or negligently.
A negligent conduct is punishable only if specifically so provided.
Article 13
A conduct is committed intentionally if the actor knowingly and intentionally causes the accomplishment of the elements of an offense.
A conduct is considered an intentional commission of an offense if the actor is aware that the act will accomplish the elements of the offense and if such accomplishment is not against his will.
Article 14
A conduct is committed negligently if the actor fails, although not intentionally, to exercise his duty of care that he should and could have exercised in the circumstances.
A conduct is considered to have been committed negligently if the actor is aware that his conduct would, but firmly believes it will not, accomplish the element of an offense.
Article 15
A person who has a legal obligation and is able to prevent the results of the occurrence of an offense but has failed to do so shall be equal to have caused the occurrence of the result by his positive act.
If a conduct of a person causes the danger of producing the result of an offense, the person has a legal obligation to prevent the occurrence of the result.
Article 16
Criminal responsibility shall not be excused simply because of ignorance of the law unless there are rightful reasons for being unable to avoid the offense, but the punishment may be reduced according to circumstances.
Article 17
Increased punishment prescribed for a certain specified aggravated result of an offense shall not apply if the actor cannot be aware of the aggravated result of the offense.
Article 18
An offense committed by a person who is under fourteen years of age is not punishable.
Punishment may be reduced for an offense committed by a person more than the age of fourteen but under the age of eighteen
Punishment may be reduced for an offense committed by a person who was over the age of eighty.
Article 19
An offense is not punishable if it is committed by a person who is mentally disorder or defects and, as a result, is unable or less able to judge his act or lack the ability to act according to his judgment.
The punishment may be reduced for an offense committed for the reasons mentioned in the preceding paragraph or as a result of obvious reduction in the ability of judgment.
Provisions prescribed in the two preceding paragraphs shall not apply to a person who intentionally brings the handicaps or defects.
Article 20
Punishment may be reduced for an conduct committed by a person who is deaf and dumb.
Article 21
A conduct performed in accordance with law or order is not punishable.
A conduct performed by a public official in line of his duties or on orders of his superior is not punishable unless the official knows that such orders are against the law.
Article 22
A proper conduct performed in the course of due business is not punishable.
Article 23
A conduct performed by a person in defense of his own rights or the rights of another against immediate unlawful aggression thereof is not punishable. If the force of defense is excessive, punishment may be reduced or remitted.
Article 24
A conduct performed by a person to avert imminent danger, otherwise unavoidable to the life, body, freedom, or property of himself or of another is not punishable. If the measure of averting danger is excessive, punishment may be reduced or remitted.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph relating to averting danger to him do not apply to a person acting under an obligation resulting from his official or business duties.
Chapter 3
Attempt
Article 25
An attempt is a conduct performed in the commission of an offense that is not accomplished.
An attempt is punishable only if specifically so provided and the punishment may be reduced from that for an accomplished offense.
Article 26
A conduct that is impossible to accomplish the intended offense and is not dangerous is not punishable.
Article 27
If a conduct is performed in the commission of an offense and the actor voluntarily renounces the act or prevents it from producing its result, the punishment shall be reduced or remitted. This provision shall also apply to a case when the result does not occur but not due to the act of prevention by the actor so long as the actor has done his utmost to prevent it.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph applies to one or multiple joint offenders who voluntarily prevent the occurrence of the result, or who have done their utmost to prevent it but the non-occurrence of the result is not due to the act of prevention.
Chapter 4
Principal Offenders and Joint Offenders
Article 28
Each of the two or more persons acting jointly in the commission of an offense is a principal offender.
Article 29
A person who solicits another to commit an offense is a solicitor.
A solicitor shall be punished according to the punishment prescribed for the solicited offense.
Article 30
A person who aids another in the commission of a crime is an accessory notwithstanding that the person aided does not know of the assistance.
The punishment prescribed for an accessory may be reduced from that prescribed for the principal offender.
Article 31
A person, who joins, solicits or aids another in an offense established on the basis of personal or other special relationship shall be considered a principal offender or solicitor or accessory but the punishment may be reduced.
If the punishment is to be increased, reduced, or remitted because of personal special relationship, an offender who has no such special relationship shall be given the normally prescribed punishment.
Chapter 5
Punishment
Article 32
Punishments are divided into principal and accessory punishments.
Article 33
Principal punishments are of the following kinds:
1. Death (penalty)
2. Life imprisonment
3. Imprisonment of more than two months and less than fifteen years. If punishment is reduced or increased, such period may be reduced to less than two months or increased to twenty years.
4. Short-term imprisonment of more than one day but less than 60 days. If the punishment is increased, the period may be increased to one hundred and twenty days.
5. Fine of more than one thousand NTD counted by the hundred yuan.
Article 34
(Deleted)
Article 35
The degree of severity of the kinds of principal punishment shall be prescribed according to the provisions of Article 33.
Among the punishments of the same kind, the maximum period or the highest amount shall be considered as the most severe. If the maximum periods or amounts are same, the second kind of punishment shall be considered, in which the minimum period or amount shall be the most severe.
If the principal punishment is used as the standard of severity, the provisions of the two previous paragraphs shall be followed. If the principal punishments are same, the standard of severity shall be determined by taking into consideration of the following items:
1. In case of the co-existence of selective and non-selective principal punishments, the non-selective principal punishment shall be considered to be severe.
2. In case of co-existence of punishment of imprisonment in addition thereto a fine and punishment of imprisonment without the addition thereto a fine, the former is considered to be severe.
3. In case that both principal punishments have selective choices or are non-selective, the secondary highest punishment shall be used for determination in accordance with the provisions of the two previous paragraphs
Article 36
Ancillary punishment refers to the deprivation of citizen’s rights.
Deprivation of citizen’s rights means deprivation of the following qualifications:
1. Qualifications for being a public official
2. Qualification for becoming a candidate for public office
Article 37
A sentence of death or life imprisonment shall include deprivation of citizen’s rights for life.
A sentence to imprisonment for not less than one year shall include deprivation of citizen’s rights for not less than one year but not more than ten years if the nature of offense makes it necessary to deprive the offender of his citizen’s rights.
Deprivation of citizen’s rights shall be pronounced at the time of judgment.
Deprivation of citizen’s rights shall become effective from the time of final judgment.
The period of deprivation of citizen’s right pursuant to paragraph 2 of this article shall be calculated from the day of the completion of the execution or the remission of the principal punishment. If a probation is pronounced at the same time, the period shall be calculated from the day of final judgment.
Article 37-1
The period of ancillary punishment starts from the date judgment is finalized.
Although the judgment is finalized, the number of days of detention not yet served shall not be included in the period of ancillary punishment.
Article 37-2
Each day an offender is detained prior to the judgment shall be counted as a day of serving imprisonment or short-term imprisonment, or a converted fine determined according to paragraph 6 of Article 42.
Where the days of detention cannot be deducted according to the preceding paragraph, each detained day may be counted as a day of restriction on personal freedom if he is sentenced to a rehabilitative measure.
Chapter 5-1
Confiscation
Article 38
Contraband shall be confiscated, whether it belongs to the offender or not.
A thing used in the commission of or preparation for the commission of an offense or a thing derived from or acquired through the commission of an offense may be confiscated only if it belongs to the offender. If there are special provisions, these special provisions shall be followed.
If a thing specified in the preceding paragraph is provided or obtained by natural persons, legal persons or an unincorporated body other than the offender without proper reasons, it may be confiscated. If there are special provisions, these special provisions shall be followed.
If the whole or a part of a thing specified in the preceding two paragraphs cannot or shall not be confiscated, the value thereof shall be collected from the offender.(hereinafter referred as “compulsory collection”)
Article 38-1
Proceeds of the crime that belong to the offender shall be confiscated. If there are special provisions, these special provisions shall be followed.
Proceeds of the crime obtained by natural persons, legal persons or an unincorporated body other than the offender under one of the following conditions shall be confiscated:
1. Knowingly obtain the illegal proceeds from the offender.
2. Obtain the illegal proceeds from the offender for free or at a cost that is considerably not reciprocal.
3. The party is benefited from illegal act committed by the offender for the said party.
If the entire or partial confiscation mentioned in the preceding two subparagraphs as above was failed or not appropriate, the value thereof shall be collected from the offender.
The proceeds of crime specified in paragraph 1 and 2 means any property derived from or obtaineddirectly or indirectly, through the commission of an offence..
The proceeds of crime having been legally returned to the victim shall not be confiscated or collected.
Article 38-2
The scope and value of the proceeds of crime specified in the Article 38-1 may be based on an estimation if the valuation is deemed difficult. This also applies to the compulsory collection specified in Article 38.
If the confiscation or compulsory collection specified in the preceding two paragraphs is too harsh, lacks significance to the purport of the criminal code, or whereas the proceeds of crime is little, or is necessary for maintaining the living conditions of the offender, it may not be pronounced or may be reduced.
Article 38-3
The ownership or other rights of the thing specified in Article 38 and the proceeds of crime specified in Article 38-1 shall be transferred to the government when the judgment on confiscation is finalized.
The third party’s ownership of the thing or the proceeds or a claim of an obligation acquired by a crime specified in the preceding paragraph shall remain unchanged.
Before the judgment on confiscation specified in the first paragraph is finalized, the transfer of the thing or the proceeds shall be prevented.
Article 39
(Deleted)
Article 40
Confiscation shall be pronounced at the time of the judgment unless there are special provisions.
Confiscation of contraband or a thing which may be confiscated independently may be pronounced separately.
If the offender is not prosecuted or convicted due to facts or legal reasons, the thing specified in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 38 and the proceeds of crime specified in items 1 and 2 of Article 38-1 which may be confiscated independently may be pronounced separately.
Article 40-1
(Deleted)
Article 40-2
When multiple confiscations have been pronounced, all of such confiscation judgments shall be executed.
Confiscation exceeding the statute of limitations specified in Article 80 shall not be executed, except for contraband or unless otherwise specified.
This also applies to subjects of confiscation outside the territory of the Republic of China and 5 years after the statute of limitations specified in the preceding paragraph has expired.
If confiscation has not been executed or punctually executed over 10 years upon the date judgment is finalized, it shall not be executed.
Chapter 5-2
Replacement of penalty
Article 41
In an offense that carries a maximum principal punishment of not more than five years’ imprisonment, if the offender is sentenced to imprisonment for not more than six months or short-term imprisonment, the punishment may be commuted to a fine at a daily rate of NTD one thousand, two thousand or three thousand. This provision does not apply to the cases in which the commutation of the pronounced punishment as imposed is manifestly of little corrective effect, or the legal order cannot be maintained.
If the afore-mentioned commuted fine is not applied, the punishment may be commuted to community service at a rate of a daily rate of six hours.
If an offender is pronounced to be imprisoned for less than six months and paragraph 1 is not applicable, the offender may be sentenced to community service according to the proceeding paragraph.
The previous two paragraphs do not apply to case in which execution is of the punishment is manifestly difficult because of health ,or execution of the punishment as imposed is manifestly difficult, little corrective effect can be expected, or the legal order cannot be maintained.
The periods of community service specified in paragraph 2 and 3 shall not exceed a year.
If community service is not executed without reason or is not completely execute within the period, in case to which paragraph applied the pronounced imprisonment or commuted fine shall be executed, in case to which paragraph 3 applied, the pronounced imprisonment shall be executed.
Paid fine or executed hours of community service shall be concerted to days at the rate fixed in the judgment and a fractional part of a day shall be concerted to a day.
In combining punishment for several offenses which is commuted to fines or community service and the punishment to be executed exceeds six months, the preceding paragraph 1 to 4 and 7 shall apply.
In combing punishment for several offenses which is commuted to community service, the periods of execution shall not exceed three years. In case in which the punishment to be executed less than six months the periods of community service shall not exceed one year.
In case in which combined punishment for several offenses is commuted to community service and under the circumstances prescribed in paragraph 6, the punishment to be executed can be commuted to fines when several offenses has been pronounced to be commuted to fines.
Article 42
A fine must be paid in full within two months after judgment has been finalized. If full payment is not made within the two-month period, a compulsory execution shall be ordered. If the offender cannot afford the payment, the fine shall be commuted to labor service. If his economic or credit condition does not allow him to pay within the prescribed two months, he may be allowed to pay by installments within a year after the expiration of the prescribed period. When one installment is delayed or not paid in full, the convicted may be forced to pay the rest amount of the fine. In this case, the fine may be commuted to labor service.
If the afore-mentioned compulsory execution is taken in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph and it is found that the convicted has no property for execution, the fine may directly be commuted to labor service.
The commutation of a fine to labor service shall be calculated at the rate of NTD one thousand, two thousand or three thousand a day but the period of labor service shall not exceed a year.
If the conversion rates for commuting a fine to labor service calculated according to subparagraph 7 of Article 51 are different, the rate for the longest period of labor service shall apply.
If the total amount of a fine calculated by the day exceeds the number of days of a year, the ratio of the total amount to the days of a year shall be used in the calculation and the time limit provided for in the preceding paragraph shall also apply.
The judgment on the fine shall include the conversion rate pursuant to the provisions of the three previous paragraphs.
A fractional part of a day resulting from the commutation of a fine to labor service shall not be considered.
If a payment is made during the period of labor service commuted from a fine, the amount paid shall be converted to days at the rate fixed in the judgment and these days shall be deducted from the period of labor service accordingly.
Article 42-1
Commuting fine to labor may be commuted to social work at the rate of six -hours social work for a day, except one of the following circumstances：
1. The period of commuting fines to labor is more than one year.
2. The punishment to be executed is an imprisonment for more than six months with fines.
3. The execution of social work is manifestly difficult because of health reasons.
The periods of social work specified in the preceding paragraph should not exceed two years.
If social work is not executed without reasons or is not completely executed within the period, commuted labor shall be executed.
The executed hours of social work shall be concerted to days of commuted labor and a fractional part of a day shall be concerted to a day.
Paying fine during the periods of social work shall be concerted to days at the rate fixed in the judgment and shall be deducted from the social work accordingly.
Paying fine during the periods specified in paragraph 3 shall be concerted to days at the rate fixed in the judgment and shall be deducted from the commuted labor and social work.
Article 43
A sentence to short-term imprisonment or a fine may be commuted to a reprimand when the motive for committing the offense is clearly excusable from the standpoint of public welfare or justice.
Article 44
When the execution of a punishment commuted to a fine, community service, labor service, or reprimand is completed, the punishment pronounced in the sentence is deemed to have been executed.
Article 45
(Deleted)
Article 46
(Deleted)
Chapter 6
Recidivism
Article 47
A person, who intentionally commits an offense with a minimum punishment of imprisonment within five years after having served a sentence of imprisonment or having been pardoned after serving part of the sentence, is a recidivist. The principal punishment for a recidivist shall be increased up to one half.
A person, who has fully served a forced labor or been remitted after serving part of the labor pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 98 regarding imprisonment remission for the labor, shall be deemed as a recidivist if he, within five years after having served the labor , intentionally commits an offense with a minimum punishment of imprisonment.
Article 48
After the judgment has been finalized and an offender is found to be a recidivist, his punishment shall be increased in accordance with the provisions of the preceding article unless the fact is revealed after his sentence is fully served or his punishment is pardoned.
Article 49
Provisions relating to recidivism shall not apply if the prior offense is decided by a foreign tribunal.
Chapter 7
Combined Punishment for Several Offenses
Article 50
Punishments for several offenses committed before judgment is finalized shall be combined. This provision does not apply to one of the following circumstances：
1.the punishment which may be commuted to a fine and the punishment which may not be commuted to a fine.
2. the punishment which may be commuted to a fine and the punishment which may not community service
3. the punishment which may community service and the punishment which may not be commuted to a fine.
4. the punishment which may community service and the punishment which may not community service
In the preceding section exists, if the sentenced request the prosecutor to apply to ascertain the sentence execution pursuant, pursuant to Article 51.
Article 51
In combining punishments for multiple offenses, the punishment for each offense shall be pronounced separately and executed in accordance with the following provisions:
1. When multiple death sentences have been pronounced, only one death sentence shall be executed.
2. When the most severe sentence pronounced is the death sentence, no other punishment except fines and ancillary punishments shall be executed.
3. When multiple sentences of life imprisonment have been pronounced, only one life imprisonment sentence shall be executed.
4. When the most severe sentence pronounced is life imprisonment, no other punishment except fines and ancillary punishments shall be executed.
5. When multiple sentences of imprisonment have been pronounced, the period of punishment shall be fixed at not less than the longest period of these punishments and not more than the sum of the periods of these punishments, but shall not exceed thirty years.
6. When multiple sentences of short-term imprisonment have been pronounced, the period of punishment to be executed shall be fixed in accordance with the preceding subparagraph but shall not exceed one hundred and twenty days.
7. When multiple fines have been pronounced, the amount of the fine to be paid shall be fixed at not less than the largest of these fines and not more than the sum of these fines.
8. When multiple deprivations of citizen’s rights for a definite period have been pronounced, only the longest one shall be executed.
9. All the punishments fixed in accordance with subparagraphs 5 through 8 shall be executed together; provided the punishments to be executed are imprisonment for not less than three years and a short-term imprisonment, the short-term imprisonment shall not be executed.
Article 52
After the judgment of combined punishments for several offenses has been finalized, a separate decision shall be made for an offense committed before but discovered after the judgment
Article 53
When there exists two or more judgments, the punishments shall be fixed in accordance with the provisions of Article 51 on combining punishments for several offenses.
Article 54
After a judgment of combined punishments has been finalized, if any of these offenses is pardoned, the punishment for the remaining offenses shall be fixed in accordance with the provision of Article 51. When only one offense remains not pardoned, the punishment shall be executed as pronounced.
Article 55
Where an act constitutes several offenses, only the most severe punishment shall be imposed. The punishment so imposed shall be not less than the minimum principal punishment for the least severe offense.
Article 56
(Deleted)
Chapter 8
Sentencing
Article 57
Sentencing shall base on the liability of the offender and take into account all the circumstances, and special attention shall be given to the following items:
1. The motive and purpose of the offense.
2. The stimulation perceived at the moment of committing the offense.
3. The means used for the commission of the offense.
4. The offender’s living condition.
5. The disposition of the offender.
6. The education and intelligence of the offender.
7. Relationship between the offender and the victim.
8. The seriousness of the offender’s obligation violation.
9. The danger or damage caused by the offense.
10. The offender’s attitude after committing the offense.
Article 58
When imposing a fine, the financial ability of the offender and the proceeds of the crime shall be considered in addition to the provisions of the preceding article. Where the proceeds exceed the maximum fine, the fine may be increased at discretion within the limit of the proceeds.
Article 59
A punishment may be reduced at discretion if the circumstances of the commission of the offense are so pitiable that even the minimum punishment is considered too severe.
Article 60
Mitigation of punishment may be made at discretion in accordance with the provisions of the preceding article notwithstanding that an increase or decrease of punishment has been made by law.
Article 61
When one of the following offenses is slight or committed under pitiable circumstances, the punishment may be remitted if the punishment mitigated in accordance with the provisions of Article 59 is still considered to be too severe:
1.the offenses for which the maximum principal punishment is an imprisonment of not more than three years, or a short-term imprisonment, or a fine; except for those offenses specified in paragraph 1 of Article 132, Article 143, Article 145 and Article 186, and the offense (if against a lineal blood ascendant) specified in paragraph 3 of Article 271.
2. the offenses of larceny as specified in Article 320 or 321.
3. the offenses of embezzlement as specified in Article 335 or paragraph 2 of Article 336.
4. the offenses of fraud as specified in Article 339 or 341.
5. the offenses of breach of trust as specified in Article 242.
6. the offenses of extortion as specified in Article 346.
7. the offenses of receiving stolen property as specified in paragraph 2 of Article 349.
Article 62
If a person voluntarily turns himself in for an offense not yet discovered, the punishment may be reduced provided that there are special provisions. In such a case, these special provisions shall apply.
Article 63
A death penalty or life imprisonment shall not be imposed on an offender who is under the age of eighteen or over the age of eighty. If the punishment prescribed for the offense is death or imprisonment for like, the punishment shall be reduced.
Article 64
A death penalty shall not be increased.
If a death penalty is reduced, the punishment shall be life imprisonment.
Article 65
A punishment of life imprisonment shall not be increased.
If a punishment of life imprisonment is reduced, the punishment shall be imprisonment for a period of not more than twenty years but not less than fifteen years.
Article 66
If a punishment of imprisonment, short-term imprisonment, or a fine is reduced, the punishment shall be reduced by an amount up to one half. If there is also a provision for remission of the punishment, the punishment may be reduced by an amount up to two-thirds.
Article 67
Increase or reduction of a punishment of imprisonment or a fine shall apply to both the prescribed maximum and minimum.
Article 68
Increase or reduction of a punishment of short-term imprisonment shall apply only to the prescribed maximum.
Article 69
Increase or reduction of two or more principal punishments shall apply to each of the punishment.
Article 70
Increase or reduction of two or more punishments shall be done progressively.
Article 71
If a punishment is to be both increased and reduced, the increase shall precede the reduction.
If there are two or more reductions, reduction in the lesser degree shall precede reduction in the greater degree.
Article 72
A fractional part of a day or one New Taiwan dollar resulting from an increase or a reduction in punishment shall not be considered.
Article 73
The provisions concerning the reduction of punishments shall apply mutatis mutandis to discretionary reduction of punishments.
Chapter 9
Probation
Article 74
A punishment of imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine may be suspended for not less than two years but not more than five years of probation from the day the judgment becomes final if either of the following circumstances exists and probation is considered appropriate:
1. There has been no previous sentence to imprisonment or a more severe punishment pronounced for an intentional offense.
2. There has been no sentence to imprisonment or a more severe punishment for an intentional offense pronounced within five years after completing execution or remission of a previous sentence to imprisonment or a more severe punishment for an intentional offense.
The judge who pronounces the probation may consider the circumstances to order the offender to do the following things:
1. Making an apology to the victim;
2. Writing a statement of repentance;
3. Paying an appropriate amount of compensation to the victim for his property or non-property losses;
4. Disbursing a certain amount to Public Treasury;
5. Doing community service of no less than forty hours and not more than two hundred and forty hours for a designated government department, government institution, legal entity, public welfare organization or group;
6. Carrying out addiction treatment, mental treatment, psychological counseling or other appropriate treatment programs;
7. Granting protective order to the victim;
8. Granting injunction order to prevent repetition of crime.
The situation set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be specified in the written judgment.
Items 3 and 4 of paragraph 2 may be carried out as a compulsory execution.
There is no probation for pronouncement of ancillary punishment, rehabilitative measure, and confiscation.
Article 75
Probation shall be revoked in either of the following circumstances:
1. During the period of probation, the offender has intentionally committed another crime for which he has received a definitive sentence to imprisonment more than six months.
2. Before the probation, the offender has intentionally committed to another crime and has received a definitive sentence to imprisonment more than six months.
A motion for revoking the ruling of the preceding paragraph shall be filed within six months after the judgment has become finalized.
Article 75-1
After probation is pronounced, it may be revoked if there is a need to execute the punishment, when any of the following circumstances appears to prove that the pronouncement cannot have the expected effect:
1. Before the probation, the offender has intentionally committed another crime, of which he has received a definitive sentence to imprisonment more than six months, short-term imprisonment or a fine has become final during the probation period.
2. During the period probation, the offender has intentionally committed another crime, of which he has received a definitive sentence to imprisonment more than six months, short-term imprisonment or a fine has become final during the probation period.
3. During the period of probation, the offender has committed more crime because of negligence and the pronouncement of punishment in the form of imprisonment has become final.
4. The offender has violated the obligations provided for in items 1 through 8 of paragraph 2 of Article 74 and the circumstances are considered serious.
The provisions of paragraph 2 of the previous article shall also apply to the circumstances of item 1 through item 3.
Article 76
If probation has not been revoked, the sentence shall forfeit its validity after the expiration of the period of probation, but this provision shall not apply to revocation of probation made under paragraph 2 of Article 75 and paragraph 2 of Article 75-1.
Chapter 10
Parole
Article 77
If there is evidence of repentance during the execution of imprisonment, a parole may be granted upon application by the prison authority to the Ministry of Justice after twenty-five years of a sentence to life imprisonment or after one half of a sentence to imprisonment or after two-thirds of the imprisonment of for an recidivist has been served.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to the following circumstances:
1. The execution of a sentence to imprisonment has not been reached six months.
2. The recidivist of an offense that carries a principal punishment of minimal five-year imprisonment intentionally commits in five years after completing the execution of the punishment or after being pardoned after the execution of part of the punishment an offense that carries a minimum principal punishment of not less than five years.
3. The offender of the crime listed in Article 91-1 who, after being counseled or treated during the execution of the punishment, is founded through appraisal or evaluation as having not remarkably reduced the danger of repeating the offense.
The number of days of detention exceeds one year before the sentence to life imprisonment becomes definitive shall be taken into account in item 1.
Article 78
During the period of parole, if the offender has committed another offense that carries an imprisonment or a more severe punishment, the parole shall be revoked within six months after the judgment is announced. However, this shall not apply to an offense committed three years after completing the parole period.
The number of days spent out of prison after the revocation of a parole shall not be calculated as part of the period of the punishment of imprisonment.
Article 79
If a parole has not been revoked after twenty years of parole for the offenders of life imprisonment or during the remaining portion of sentence for the offenders of imprisonment, the unexecuted portion of the sentence shall be considered to have been executed. This shall not apply to a parole revoked in accordance to paragraph 1 of Article 78.
The period served in execution of a punishment, detention, or other restriction on freedom for another crime during the period of parole shall not be included in the calculation of the period of punishment. However, this shall not apply to the period of restriction on freedom made according to law before the final judgment of non-prosecution or acquittal is announced.
Article 79-1
In case of the execution of two or more imprisonment punishments, the minimum periods of execution provided for in Article 77 shall be combined in calculation.
If the combined execution is life imprisonment, provisions for the parole of life imprisonment shall apply. A parole may also be granted if the combined imprisonment exceeds forty years and the execution has been continually served more than twenty years. However, this shall not apply to a case prescribed in item 2 of paragraph 2 of Article 77.
A parole made in accordance with paragraph 1 of calculation of combined execution of punishment shall include the period provided for in paragraph 1 of the preceding article.
If the combined period exceeds twenty years, the provisions of paragraph 1 of the preceding article for parole of the punishment of life-imprisonment shall apply to it mutatis mutandis.
In the execution of the remaining portion of a prison sentence after the revocation of parole, execution of punishment for another offense shall start after the life imprisonment has been executed for twenty-five years and a imprisonment has been executed in full, and to this case the provisions for combined calculation of the period of execution provided for in paragraph 1 shall not apply.
Chapter 11
Statute of Limitations
Article 80
Prosecution is barred by limitation if not exercised within the following periods:
1. Thirty years for an offense that carries the maximum principal punishment of death or imprisonment for life or for not less than ten years, except for such offense that results in death.
2. Twenty years for an offense that carries the maximum principal punishment of imprisonment for not less than three years and the maximum punishment for less than ten years.
3. Ten years for an offense that carries the maximum principal punishment of imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than three years.
4. Five years for an offense that carries the maximum principal punishment of imprisonment for less than a year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine.
These periods specified in the preceding paragraph shall commence from the day on which the offense is committed; provided that the offense is of a continuing nature, when the period shall commence from the last day on which the offense is completed.
Article 81
(Deleted)
Article 82
The period of limitation of prosecution shall be determined by the principal punishment notwithstanding that such punishment shall be increased or reduced by law.
Article 83
The period of limitation of prosecution shall be terminated with the initiation of prosecution. This shall also apply to the suspension of investigation by law or to a case that the offender has escaped and has been put on the wanted list.
During the termination of limitation, the cause for termination is considered to have ended if any of the following conditions appears:
1. After the court decision is determined on turning down the prosecution or on terminating private prosecution on procedural grounds.
2. When the trial proceedings cannot commence or continue according to law or because the offender was wanted and the interruption has reached one-third of the period prescribed in the various items of paragraph 1 of Article 80
3. According to the second half of paragraph 1 to terminate the investigation or want the offender, the period of termination or wanting has been reached one-third of the period prescribed in the various items of paragraph 1 of Article 80.
The period of the preceding paragraphs shall be counted from the day of the end of the cause for interruption together with the day prior to the interruption.
Article 84
Execution is barred by the statute of limitations if it is not carried out within the following statutory periods:
1. Forty years for an offense for which the pronounced sentence is death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment for not more than ten years;
2. Thirty years for an offense for which the pronounced sentence is imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years;
3. Fifteen years for an offense for which the pronounced sentence is imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than three years;
4. Seven years for an offense for which the pronounced sentence is imprisonment for less than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine.
The statutory periods provided for in the preceding paragraph shall commence from the day judgment becomes final but if rehabilitative measures precede the execution of criminal punishment, the statutory period shall commence from the completion date of implementing rehabilitative measures.
Article 85
The period of limitation of execution shall be interrupted by the execution of punishment. The same shall apply when the period is interrupted and the execution cannot be continued due to the following conditions:
1. The execution is interrupted according to law.
2. The criminal has escaped and been put on the wanted list or has escaped during the period of execution and as a result the execution cannot be continually carried on.
3. The criminal is subjected to restriction of freedom on another legal reason.
When the cause for interruption continues to exist and the period of this interruption has reached one-third of the period prescribed in paragraph 1 of Article 84, the cause of interruption shall be considered to have vanished.
The period of limitation of the first paragraph shall commence from the day when the cause of interruption vanishes and shall be counted together with the pre-interruption period.
Chapter 12
Rehabilitative Measures
Article 86
Any person who is not punished because he is under the age of fourteen may be ordered to enter a reformatory to receive reformatory education.
If punishment is reduced because a person is under the age of eighteen, he may, after execution or remission of punishment, be ordered to enter a reformatory to receive reformatory education. But, if the sentence is imprisonment of less than three years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine, he may be so ordered before the execution of the punishment.
The period of reformatory education shall not exceed three years. But if the execution has exceeded six month and it is believed that continuing execution is unnecessary, the court may remit the punishment.
Article 87
A person is not punished for a cause prescribed in paragraph 1 of Article 19, he may be committed to a suitable establishment for custodial protection provided that the circumstances are sufficient to make it believe that he might repeat the offense or against public safety.
If a person has the circumstances prescribed in paragraph 2 of Article 19 and Article 20 and the circumstances are likely to make it believe that he might repeat the offense or against public safety, he may be committed to a suitable establishment for custodial protection after the execution or remission of the punishment. This custodial protection may be done before the execution of punishment if necessary.
The period of custodial protection prescribed in the previous two paragraphs shall be less than five years, but the court may order remission of the punishment during the execution provided that it believes the execution needs not to be continued.
Article 88
Any person addicted to drugs may be committed to a suitable establishment for compulsory treatment before the execution of punishment.
The period for the compulsory cure prescribed in the preceding paragraph is less than one year. The court may remit the execution if it believes the execution need not be continued.
Article 89
If a person commits an offense while intoxicated he may, before execution of punishment, be committed to a suitable establishment for compulsory cure if there is reason sufficient to believe that he is addicted to alcohol and he is in the danger of commit the offense again.
The period for the compulsory cure prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be less than one year, but the court may remit the execution if it believes there is no need to continue the execution.
Article 90
Any person who is a habitual criminal or commits an offense because of habits of loitering or vagrancy, before execution of punishment, shall be committed to a labor establishment to perform compulsory labor.
The period for compulsory labor prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be three years. But the court may remit the execution if, after the execution for one and half year, it believes there is no need to continue the execution.
The court may allow an extension of compulsory labor before the period of execution expires if necessary, but the extension shall be limited to once and the period of extension shall not exceed one and a half years.
Article 91
(Deleted)
Article 91-1
Any person committing an offense specified in Articles 221 to 227, 228, 229 , 230, 234, item 2 of paragraph 2 of Article 332, item 2 of Article 334, and item 1of paragraph 2 of Article 348 and its special laws and has one of the following conditions may be ordered to a suitable establishment for compulsory treatment:
1. To be found through appraisal and evaluation during the period of receiving counseling or cure and before the expiration of the execution as having the danger of committing the offense again.
2. To be found through appraisal and evaluation while receiving physical and mental cure or counseling education under the provisions of other separate law as having the danger of committing the offense again.
During the period of the execution specified in the preceding paragraph, appraisal and evaluation shall be performed annually until the danger of recommitting the offense has been remarkably reduced to see whether it is necessary to stop the cure.
Article 92
The measures prescribed in Articles 86 through 90 may, according to circumstances of the case, be replaced by protective measure.
The period for protective measure specified in the preceding paragraph shall not exceed three years. If in effective, it may be revoked at any time the original measure enforced.
Article 93
Any person who is on probation may be placed under protective measures during the period of suspension but under one of the following circumstances he shall be subjected to probation:
1. Commission of the offense prescribed in Article 91-1
2. Execution of the provisions of items 5 to 8, paragraph 2, Article 74
When released from a prison on parole, he shall be subjected to protective measures.
Article 94
(Deleted)
Article 95
Any alien receiving sentence more than imprisonment may, after execution or remission of punishment, be deported.
Article 96
Rehabilitative measures shall be pronounced at the time of the judgment, but this shall not apply if it is otherwise prescribed in this Code or other laws.
Article 97
(Deleted)
Article 98
If rehabilitative measures announced under paragraph 2 of Article 86 and paragraph 2 of Article 87 call for execution of imprisonment first, the court may remit the execution if it believes that this is unnecessary after the punishment is executed or remitted. In a case which calls for execution of rehabilitative measures first, the court, after having executed the measures or remitted part of the measures, may remit the whole or part of the periods of imprisonment if it believes that the execution is unnecessary.
If the rehabilitative measures are announced in pursuance to paragraph 1 of Article 88, paragraph 1 of Article 89, or paragraph 1 of Article 90, the court, after having executed the measures or remitted part of the measures, may remit the whole or part of the periods of imprisonment if it believes that the execution is unnecessary.
The remission of execution prescribed in the two preceding paragraphs shall be limited to imprisonment or short-term imprisonment.
Article 99
If the execution of the rehabilitative measures have not begun or if the execution has not been continued for three years from the day that they shall have been executed, the execution shall not be permitted unless the court believes that the cause for the announced rehabilitative measures has continued to exist. The execution shall not be performed if it has not been begun or continued for seven years.
Part 2
Specific Offenses
Chapter 1
Civil Disturbance
Article 100
Any person by violence or threats committing an overt act with intent to destroy the organization of the State, seize State territory, or, using illegal means, change the Constitution or overthrow the Government shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than seven years; the ringleader shall be sentenced to life imprisonment.
Any person preparing to commit the offense specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to imprisonment not less than six months but not more than five years.
Article 101
Any person with force committing an offense specified in paragraph 1 of the preceding article shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment not less than seven years; a ringleader shall be sentenced to death or life imprisonment.
Any person preparing or conspiring to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not less than one year but not more than seven years.
Article 102
Any person committing an offense specified in paragraph 2 of Article 100 or paragraph 2 of Article 101 and voluntarily turning himself in for trial shall have his punishment reduced or remitted.
Chapter 1
Treason
Article 103
Any person colluding with a foreign state or its agent with intent that such state or other state start war against the Republic of China shall be sentenced to death or life imprisonment.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
Any person preparing or conspiring to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment not less than three years but not more than ten years.
Article 104
Any person colluding with a foreign state or its agent with intent to subject territory of the Republic of China to such state or other state shall be sentenced to death or life imprisonment.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
Any person preparing or conspiring to commit and offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment not less than three years but not more than ten years.
Article 105
Any citizen of the Republic of China serving in the armed forces of an enemy or joining the enemy’s fight with arms against the Republic of China or against an ally of the Republic of China shall be sentenced to death or life imprisonment.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
Any person preparing or conspiring to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment not less than three years but not more than ten years.
Article 106
Any person during a war with a foreign state or while the war is about to start aids the enemy or causes injury to the military interests of the Republic of China or an ally of the Republic of China shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment not less than seven years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
Any person preparing or conspiring to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment not more than five years.
Article 107
Any person committing an offense specified in paragraph 1 of the preceding article under one of the following circumstances shall be sentenced to death or life imprisonment:
1. Surrendering armed forces to an enemy or surrendering, destroying, damaging, or otherwise rendering useless the following: strategic point, naval base, military post, military vessel or aircraft, or another military place or structure; arms, ammunition, money, provisions or other war materials for the use of the military of the Republic of China; bridge, railway, vehicle, electric wire, electric machine, telegraph station, or another thing used for transportation.
2. Recruiting for an enemy or inducing a person in the armed services to surrender to the enemy.
3. Inciting a person in the armed services to neglect his duty, desert, mutiny, or commit a breach of discipline.
4. Disclosing or delivering to the enemy a document, plan, information, or another thing of secret nature concerning a strategic point, naval base, military post, military vessel or aircraft, or military, naval, or aerial movement.
5. Committing an act of espionage for an enemy or rendering aid to an enemy spy.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
Any person preparing or conspiring to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment not less than three years but not more than ten years.
Article 108
Any person during the war with a foreign state or while the war is about to start failing to deliver military supplies which he has undertaken by contract to deliver or delivering supplies not in conformity with the terms of the contract shall be sentenced to imprisonment not less than one year but not more than seven years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than one hundred fifty thousand dollars may be imposed.
Any person negligently committing an offense specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to imprisonment not less than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars.
Article 109
Any person disclosing or delivering a document, plan, information, or another thing of a secrete nature concerning the defense of the Republic of China shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.
Any person disclosing or delivering to a foreign state or to its agent a document, plan, information, or another thing specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to imprisonment not less than three years but not more than ten years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in one of the two preceding paragraphs is punishable.
Any person preparing or conspiring to commit an offense specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be sentenced to imprisonment not more than two years.
Article 110
Any public official negligently disclosing or delivering to another a document, plan, information, or another thing specified in paragraph 1 of the preceding article, of which he has knowledge or possession because of his official position, shall be sentenced to imprisonment not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars.
Article 111
Any person prying or gathering a document, plan, information or another thing specified in paragraph 1 of Article 109 shall be sentenced to imprisonment not more than five years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
Any person preparing or conspiring to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment not more than one year.
Article 112
Any person who without authority enters a strategic point, naval base, military vessel, or another place or structure of military importance, or remains there, with purpose to pries or gather a document, plan, information, or another thing specified in paragraph 1 of Article 109 shall besentenced to imprisonment not more than one year.
Article 113
Any person who makes a secret agreement with a foreign government or its agents without authorization in respect of any matter that requires a government mandate shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years, short-term imprisonment; in lieu thereof, or in addition thereto, a fine not more than five hundred thousand dollars may be imposed; life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than seven years may be imposed to such person, if such agreement should cause damage to the Republic of China.
Article 114
Any person entrusted by the Government with the duty of conducting business with a foreign government who betrays his trust and causes injury to the Republic of China shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment not less than seven years.
Article 115
Any person who forges, alters, destroys, or conceals a document, plan, or another thing which is evidence of a right of the Republic of China to a foreign state shall be sentenced to imprisonment not less than five years but not more than twelve years.
Article 115-1
The offense set forth in this chapter shall also apply to offenses committed in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, or any hostile foreign forces, or to the agents thereof. The offender who violates any provision of this chapter shall be punished in accordance with such provision.
Chapter 3
Offenses of Interference with Relations with Other States
Article 116
A person who commits an offense of intentionally causing bodily injury to, restraining the personal freedom of, or injuring the reputation of the head of a friendly state or the representative of a friendly state accredited to the Republic of China may have the punishment prescribed for such offense increased by one third.
Article 117
A person who during a state of war between foreign states violates the rules of neutrality established by the Government of the Republic of China shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than ninety thousand dollars.
Article 118
A person who with purpose to insult a foreign state publicly destroys, damages, pulls down, or otherwise dishonors the national flag or emblem of such foreign state shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
Article 119
Prosecution for an offense against reputation specified in Article 116 or for an offense specified in Article 118 may be instituted only upon the complaint of the government or the foreign state concerned.
Chapter 4
Offenses of Malfeasance in Office
Article 120
A public official who by neglecting his duties abandons the territory in his charge shall be sentenced to death, life-imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than ten years.
Article 121
A public official or an arbitrator who demands, agrees to accept, or accepts a bribe or other improper benefits for an official act shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than seven years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than seven hundred thousand yuan may be imposed.
Article 122
A public official or an arbitrator who demands, agrees to accept, or accepts a bribe or other improper benefits for a breach of his official duties shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than two million yuan may be imposed.
A breach of official duties shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or with imprisonment for not less than five years; in addition thereto, a fine not more than four million yuan may be imposed.
A person who offers, promises, or gives a bribe or other improper benefits to a public official or an arbitrator for a breach of his official duties shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than three hundred thousand yuan may be imposed, but, if such a person turns himself in for trial, his punishment may be reduced or remitted, and if such a person confesses during investigation or trial, his punishment may be reduced.
Article 123
A person who in anticipation of being a public official or an arbitrator demands, agrees to accept, or accepts a bribe or other improper benefits for an official act and performs such act after becoming a public official or arbitrator shall be subject to the punishment prescribed for a public official or an arbitrator who demands, agrees to accept, or accepts a bribe or other improper benefits.
Article 124
A public official vested with judicial functions or an arbitrator who renders an illegal decision or arbitral award shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.
Article 125
A public official charged with the duty of investigation or bringing offenders to justice who commits one of the following offenses shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years:
1. Abusing his authority in arresting or detaining a person.
2. Using threat or violence with purpose to extract confession.
3. Knowingly causing an innocent person to be prosecuted or punished or causing a guilty person not be prosecuted or punished.
If death results from the commission of the offense, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or with imprisonment for not less than three but not more than ten years; if aggravated injury results, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
Article 126
A public official charged with the custody, or conveyance of prisoners who commits an act of violence or cruelty to a prisoner shall be sentenced to imprisonment for no less than one year but not more than seven years.
If death results from the commission of the offense, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or with imprisonment for not less than seven years; if aggravated injury results, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
Article 127
A pubic official charged with execution of punishment illegally executes or omits to execute a punishment shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years.
A public official who negligently causes the execution of a punishment that should not have been executed shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
Article 128
A public official who adjudicates a suit which he knows he is not authorized to adjudicate shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years.
Article 129
A public official who collects taxes, duties, or other revenues that he knows he is not authorized to collect shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years; in addition thereto a fine of not more than two hundred ten thousand dollars may be imposed.
A public official who retains in whole or in part any money or thing that he knows it to be his duty to pay or deliver shall be subject to the same punishment.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in one of the two preceding paragraphs is punishable.
Article 130
A public official who neglects his duties thereby causing a catastrophe shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
Article 131
A public official who directly or indirectly seeks to gain illegal benefits from a function under his control or supervision for himself or others and gains benefits shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than one million yuan may be imposed.
Article 132
A public official who discloses or gives away a document, plan, information, or another thing of a secret nature relating to matters other than national defense shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years.
A person who negligently commits an offense specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a find of not more than nine thousand dollars.
A person other than a public official who discloses or gives away a document, plan, information, or another thing specified in paragraph 1 which comes to his knowledge or possession because of his occupation or profession shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
Article 133
A public official, employed in a postal or telegraphic office, who opens or conceals mail or telegraphic mater entrusted to him for transmission shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
Article 134
A public official who takes advantage of his authority, opportunity, or means afforded by his official position to intentionally commit an offense not provided for in this Chapter shall be subject to the punishment prescribed for such offense by increasing it up to one half unless special provisions have been made for such punishment because of his status as a public official.
Chapter 5
Offenses of Obstructing an Officer
In Discharge of Duties
Article 135
A person who employs threats or violence against a public official engaging in the performance of his duties, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than three hundred thousand dollars.
A person who employs threats or violence with purpose to compel a public official to perform an act relating to his public duties, with purpose to obstruct the lawful performance of such public duties, or with purpose to cause such public officials to resign, shall be subject to the same punishment.
A person guilty of the offenses specified in the two preceding paragraphs, and where any one of the following scenarios applies, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for more than six months and less than five years:
1.The offense is committed with the use of a motor vehicle.
2.The offense is committed while carrying weapons or other dangerous goods, with the intention of using them during the offense.
If a person commits an offense specified in the three preceding paragraphs, and thus causes the death of a public official, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment, or imprisonment for more than seven years; and if it results in aggravated injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
Article 136
Participants of a group of three or more people, gathering at a public place or a place where the public may enter and exit committing the offenses specified in the preceding article, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for less than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of no more than one hundred thousand dollars may be imposed; a ringleader and a person who actually employs violence or threats shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.
If the commission of the offense results in death or aggravated injury to the public official, a ringleader and a person who actually employs violence or threats shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 4 of the preceding article.
Article 137
A person who by fraud or other illegal means procures an incorrect result in an examination held pursuant to the Examination Law shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
Article 138
A person who destroys, damages, conceals, or renders useless a document, plan, or another thing which has been possessed by a public official by reason of his office or which has been officially entrusted by such official to a third person shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years.
Article 139
A person who damages, removes, disfigures, or renders ineffective a seal or notice affixed by a public official pursuant to law shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than two hundred thousand dollars.
The same shall apply to a person who acts in violation of an order with the effect of seizure issued by a public official pursuant to law.
Article 140
A person who offers an insult to a public official during the legal discharge of his duties or publicly offers an insult with respect to the legal discharged of such duties shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than six months, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than three thousand dollars.
A person who publicly offers an insult to a public office shall be subject to the same punishment.
Article 141
A person who with purpose to insult a public official or a public office damages, removes, or disfigures a notice or proclamation posted in a public place shall be sentenced to short-term imprisonment or a fine of not more than three thousand dollars.
Chapter 6
Offenses of Interference with Voting
Article 142
A person who by threat, violence, or other illegal means interferes with another in the free exercises of his right to vote at a political election duly authorized by law or in the free exercise of his other voting right shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
Article 143
A qualified voter who demands, agrees to accept, or accepts a bribe or other improper benefits for refraining from exercising his right to vote or for exercising such right in a particular manner shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than three hundred thousand yuan may be imposed.
Article 144
A person who promises, offers, or gives a bribe or other improper benefits to a qualified voter for refraining from exercising the right to vote or for exercising such right in a particular manner shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than two hundred ten thousand dollars may be imposed.
Article 145
A person who induces a qualified voter to refrain from exercising his right to vote or to exercise such right in a particular manner by offering an economic advantage or by threatening an economic disadvantage shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years.
Article 146
A person who by fraud or other illegal means procures an incorrect result from voting or alters election returns shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years.
A person who with purpose to render a candidate elected falsely makes census registration to obtain the right to vote and votes shall be subject to the same punishment.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in one of the two preceding paragraphs is punishable.
Article 147
A person who interferes with or creates a disturbance at an election shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
Article 148
A person who pries the content of a secret ballot shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
Chapter 7
Offenses of Interference with Public Order
Article 149
Participants of a group of three or more people gathering at a public place, or place where the public may enter and exit, with the intention to employ violence or threats and who does not disperse after having been ordered three times or more to do so by a competent public official, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for less than six months, short-term detention, or a fine of no more than eighty thousand New Taiwan Dollars may be imposed. The ringleader shall be sentenced to imprisonment for less than three years.
Article 150
Participants of a group of three or more people, gathering at a public place or place where the public may enter and exit and employing violence or threats, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for less than one year, short-term detention, or a fine of no more than a hundred thousand New Taiwan Dollars may be imposed. A ringleader and a person who actually employs violence or threats shall be sentenced to imprisonment for more than six months and less than five years.
A person committing an offense as described in the preceding paragraph, and where any one of the following scenarios applies, shall receive increased punishment for up to one half the prescribed amount:
1. Carrying weapons with the intention of using them in a crime, or committing an offense with other dangerous goods.
2. Resulting in danger to the public or traffic.
Article 151
A person who endangers public safety by putting the public in fear of injury to life, body, or property shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years.
Article 152
A person who by violence, threats, or fraud interferes with or disturbs a lawful assembly shall punish with imprisonment for not less than two years.
Article 153
A person who by writing, picture, word of mouth, or other means publicly commits one of the following conducts shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars：
1. Inciting another to commit an offense
2. Inciting another to violate the law or disobey a legal order
Article 154
A person who joins an organization formed with purpose of committing an offense shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars; a ringleader shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.
Any person committing an offense specified in the preceding paragraph and voluntarily turning himself in for trial shall have his punishment reduced or remitted.
Article 155
A person who incites a person in the armed services to fail to execute his duty, commit a breach of discipline, desert, or mutiny shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than six months but not more than five years.
Article 156
A person who without authority recruits an armed force, distributes military supplies or leads an armed force shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years.
Article 157
A person who for purpose of gain instigates or contracts for a lawsuit between others shall be sentenced to imprisonment for less than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of no more than fifty thousand yuan.
Article 158
A person who poses as a public official and exercises functions and power as such shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
A person who poses as a public official of a foreign state and exercises functions and powers as such shall be subject to the same punishment.
Article 159
A person who openly and without authority wears the uniform or badge or make use of the official title of a public official shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
Article 160
A person who with purpose to insult the Republic of China openly damages, removes, or dishonors the emblem of the Republic of China or the flag of the Republic of China shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
A person who with purpose to insult the founder the Republic of China, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, openly damages, removes, or dishonors his portrait shall be subject to the same punishment.
Chapter 8
Offenses of Escape
Article 161
A person, having been legally arrested or taken into custody, who escape shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year.
A person who commits an offense specified in the preceding paragraph by damaging a part of the place of confinement or an instrument by which he is confined or by means of violence or threats shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years.
A person who participates in an open assembly at which an offense specified in paragraph 1 is committed by threats or violence shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years; a ringleader and any person who actually employs violence threats shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than five years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in one of the three preceding paragraphs is punishable.
Article 162
A person who sets free or facilitates the escape of a person, having be legally arrested or taken into custody, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years.
A person who commits an offense specified in the preceding paragraph by damaging a part of the place of confinement or an instrument, or by means of violence or threats shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than six months but not more than five years.
A person who participates in an open assembly at which an offense specified in paragraph 1 is committed by threats or violence shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than five years but not more than twelve years; a ringleader and any person who actually employs violence threats shall be sentenced to life imprisonment, or imprisonment for not less than seven years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in one of the three preceding paragraphs is punishable.
A spouse, relative by blood within the fifth degree of relationship, or relative by marriage within the third degree of relationship who commits the offense of facilitating escape specified in paragraph 1 may have his punishment reduced.
Article 163
A public official who sets free or facilitates the escape of any person under his custody shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.
A public official who negligently commits an offense specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than six months, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Chapter 9
Offenses of Concealment of Offenders and Destruction of Evidence
Article 164
A person who conceals or causes the concealment of an offender or a person who escapes from legal arrest or custody shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
A person who with the intention to commit an offense specified in the preceding paragraph impersonates an offender shall be subject to the same punishment.
Article 165
A person who forges, alters, destroys, or conceals evidence in the criminal case of another or makes use of such forged or altered evidence shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
Article 166
A person, having committed an offense specified in the preceding article, who confesses thereto before the judgment on the criminal case has become final, shall have his punishment reduced or remitted.
Article 167
A spouse, relative by blood within the fifth degree of relations, or relative by marriage within the third degree of relationship who commits an offense specified in Article 164 or 165 for the benefit of an offender or a person legally arrested or taken into custody who escape from custody shall have his punishment reduced or remitted.
Chapter 10
Offenses of Perjury and Malicious Accusation
Article 168
A witness, expert witness, or interpreter who at a trial before a public official vested with judicial functions or at an investigation before a prosecutor makes, before or after signing an affidavit, a false statement on a matter material to the case shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than seven years.
Article 169
A person with the intention to cause another to receive penal or disciplinary punishment falsely accuses him before a competent public official shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than seven years.
A person with the intention to cause another to receive penal or disciplinary punishment forges, alters or uses forged or altered evidence shall be subject to the same punishment.
Article 170
A person with the intention to incriminate his lineal blood ascendant commits an offense specified in the preceding article shall be subject to the punishment prescribed for such an offense by increasing it up to one half.
Article 171
A person who without naming a specific offender makes a malicious accusation before a competent public official shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
A person who without naming a specific offender causes the institution of criminal proceedings by forging or altering evidence of an offense or by making use of such forged or altered evidence shall be subject to the same punishment.
Article 172
A person, having committed an offense specified in one of the articles, 168 through 171, who confesses thereto before judgment or disciplinary order has become final shall have his punishment reduced or remitted.
Chapter 11
Offenses Against Public Safety
Article 173
A person who sets fire to and destroys an occupied dwelling house or who sets fire to and destroys an occupied structure, mine, train, electric car, or a vehicle, vessel, or aircraft for public transport on water, on land, or in the air shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than seven years.
A person who negligently sets fire to a thing specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
A person who prepares to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
Article 174
A person who sets fire to and destroys an unoccupied dwelling house belonging to another or who sets fire to and destroys an unoccupied structure, mine, train, electric car, or another vehicle, vessel, or aircraft for public transport on water, on land, or in the air which belongs to another shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
A person who endangers public safety by setting fire to and destroying a thing belonging to him that is specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than six months but not more than five years.
A person who negligently sets fire to and destroys a thing specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than six months, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars; a person who negligently endangers public safety by setting fire to and destroying a thing specified in paragraph 2 shall be subject to the same punishment.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 175
A person who endangers public safety by setting fire to and destroying a thing belonging to another not specified in the preceding two articles shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.
A person who endangers public safety by setting fire to and destroying a thing belonging to him not specified in the preceding two articles shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not more than three years.
A person who negligently endangers public safety by setting fire to and destroying a thing not specified in the preceding two articles shall be sentenced to short-term imprisonment or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
Article 176
A person who intentionally or negligently causes the destruction of a thing specified in one of the three preceding articles by means of gunpowder, steam, electricity, gas, or another explosive substance shall be punished mutatis mutandis in accordance with the provisions relating to fire caused intentionally or negligently.
Article 177
A person who endangers public safety by causing to escape or by obstructing the flow of steam, electricity, gas or another gaseous substance shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
If the offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than seven years; if the offenses results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
Article 178
A person who by flooding causes damage to an occupied dwelling house or who by flooding causes damage to an occupied structure, a mine, a train, or an electric car shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not more than five years.
A person who negligently by flooding causes damage to a thing specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 179
A person who by flooding causes damage to an unoccupied dwelling house that belongs to another or who by flooding causes damage to an unoccupied structure or mine which belongs to another shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.
A person who by flooding endangers public safety by causing damage to a thing belonging to him specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than six months but not more than five years.
A person who negligently by flooding causes damage to a thing specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than six months, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
A person who negligently by flooding endangers public safety by causing damage to a thing specified in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to same punishment.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 180
A person who endangers public safety by flooding that causes damage to a thing belonging to another not specified in one of the preceding articles shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years.
A person who endangers public safety by flooding that causes damage to a thing belonging to him not specified in one of the two preceding articles shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years.
A person who negligently endangers public safety by flooding that causes damage to a thing not specified in one of the preceding articles shall be sentenced to short-term imprisonment or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
Article 181
A person who endangers public safety by breaking a dike, destroying a lock, or damaging a water reservoir shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years.
A person who negligently commits an offense specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to short-term imprisonment or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 182
A person who, during a fire, flood, hurricane, earthquake, explosion or any similar disaster, conceals or damages an instrument or apparatus, which are to be used for the protection against the disaster, or interferes with disaster control by other means shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than thirty thousand yuan.
Article 183
A person who overturns or, damages an occupied train, electric car, or another vehicle, vessel, or aircraft for public transport on water, on land, or in the air shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than five years.
A person who negligently commits an offense specified in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than three hundred thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 184
A person who damages a railroad, lighthouse, or signal, or who uses other means to cause danger to the passage of a train, electric car, or another vehicle, vessel, or aircraft for public transport on water, on land, or in the air shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
If the offense results in the overturning or destruction of the vehicle, vessel, or aircraft specified in the preceding paragraph, the offender shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1of the preceding article.
A person who negligently commits an offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than two hundred thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 185
A person who obstructs or damages a road, waterway, bridge, or other means of general communication, or who uses other similar means to endanger the safety of public traffic shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
If the offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than seven years; if the offense result in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 185-1
A person who hijacks, through the employment of violence, threats or other illegal means, an aircraft in use or controls its flight shall be sentenced to death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment for not less than seven years. If the offense is light, he shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than seven years.
If an offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to death or life imprisonment. If an offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment for not less than ten years.
A person who hijacks by a method specified in paragraph 1 a vessel or a car in use for public transport or controls its operation shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than five years. If the offense is light, he shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years.
If the offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than ten years; if the offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than seven years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 and 3 is punishable.
A person who prepares to commit the offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years.
Article 185-2
A person who endangers, through the employment of violence, threats or other illegal means, the safety of flight or air traffic facilities or equipment shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than seven years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine hundred thousand dollars.
It the offense cause the damage of aircraft or other facilities or equipments, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
If an offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to death, life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than ten years; if an offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than five years but not more than twelve years.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 185-3
A person who drives a motor vehicle in any one of the following circumstances shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than two hundred thousand dollars may be imposed:
1. the person’s exhalation contains alcohol of 0.25 milligrams per liter or more, or the person’s blood alcohol concentration is 0.05 percent or more.
2. there are circumstances other than those stipulated in the preceding subparagraph which may prove that the person has consumed alcohol or other similar substances which prevent the person from driving safely.
3. the person uses drugs, narcotics or other similar substances that prevent the person from driving safely.
If the offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but less than ten years; if the offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but less than seven years.
A person who has once committed the offense set forth in this article or in Article 54 of the Criminal Code of the Armed Forces and been judged guilty or subject to deferred prosecution but commits the offense set forth in paragraph 1 again within five years that results in the death of another shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than five years; in case of serious physical injury, such person shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
Article 185-4
A person who flees after the motor vehicle he drives has caused an accident resulting in injury of another, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than six months but not more than five years; a person who flees after the motor vehicle he drives has caused an accident resulting in death or aggravated injury of another, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for more than one year but less than seven years.
If a person commits the offenses specified in the preceding paragraph, and if the driver is not at fault for causing a death or injury in a traffic accident, the punishment may be reduced or remitted.
Article 186
A person who without authorization and a good reason manufactures, sells, transports, or possesses dynamite, gun-cotton, fulminating mercury, or other similar explosive; or a gun, cannon, or ammunition for military use shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
Article 186-1
A person who endangers public safety with the use of an explosive, gun-cotton, fulminating mercury or other similar explosive without a justified reason, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.
If the offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than seven years; if the offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
A person who endangers public safety by negligently explodes explosive, gun-cotton, fulminating mercury or other similar explosive shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 187
A person who manufactures, sells, transports, or possesses dynamite, gun-cotton, fulminating mercury, or other similar explosive, or a gun, cannon, or ammunition for military used, with the intention that such a thing be used by himself or by another to commit an offense shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years.
Article 187-1
A person who manufactures, sells, transports, or possesses nuclear raw material, nuclear fuel, nuclear reactor, a radioactive substance or its raw material not according to the law shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not more than five years.
Article 187-2
A person who endangers public safety by releasing nuclear energy or radioactivity that causes shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not more than five years.
If the offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than ten years; if the offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not less than five years.
A person who negligently commits an offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 187-3
A person who uses radioactive without a justified season and causes damage to another’s body or health shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
If the offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment of imprisonment for no less than ten years; if the offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than five years.
An attempt to commit the offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 188
A person who interferes with the operation of railway, postal, telegraph, or telephone service or with the public supply of water, electricity, or gas shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
Article 189
A person who damages a safety or life-saving device installed in a mine, factory, or similar establishment and thereby endangers the life of another shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.
If the offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than seven years; if the offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
A person who negligently commits an offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than two hundred thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 189-1
A person who damages the life protection equipment in a mine, a factory, or a similar place or makes it useless and thereby endangers the bodily health of another shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
A person who damages the life-protection equipment in a public place not specified in the preceding paragraph or makes it useless shall be subject to the same punishment.
Article 189-2
A person who obstructs the escape exist of a theater, a mall, a restaurant, a hotel or another place that people may come and go or a public place and thereby endangers the life, body or health of another shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years. Obstruction to the escape exit of a condo or a department and thereby endangers the life, body or health of another shall be subject to the same punishment.
If the offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than seven years; if the offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not more than five years.
Article 190
A person who places poisonous or harmful substance sanitation in a water sources, waterway, or reservoir intended for the supply of water to the public shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years.
If the offense results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than seven years; if the offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years
A person who negligently commits the offense specified in paragraph 1 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than six months, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than nine thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit an offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 190-1
A person who throws, abandons, drains, releases or uses other manner allowing a poisonous substance or any other substance that may harm health to pollute the air, soil, or rivers or other bodies of water and thereby causes harm shall be sentenced to imprisonment for no more than five years, detention, or a fine or combined with a fine no more than ten million dollars.
A factory or business proprietor, supervisor, agent, employee or other personnel who commits the offense set forth in the preceding paragraph in the performance of his occupation shall be sentenced to imprisonment for no more than seven years and may be combined with a fine no more than fifteen million dollars.
An offender who commits the offense set forth in paragraph 1 and causes death shall be sentenced to imprisonment for no less than three years but no more than ten years; if the offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for no less than one year but no more than seven years.
An offender who commits the offense set forth in paragraph 2 and causes death shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for no less than seven years; if the offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for no less than three years but no more than ten years.
An offender who commits the offense set forth in paragraph 1 due to negligence shall be sentenced to imprisonment for no more than one year, detention, or a fine or combined with a fine no more than two million dollars.
An offender who commits the offense set forth in paragraph 2 due to negligence shall be sentenced to imprisonment for no more than three years, detention, or a fine or combined with a fine no more than six million dollars.
An attempt to commit the offenses set forth in paragraphs 1 and 2 is also punishable.
An offender who commits the offenses set forth in paragraph 1, paragraph 5 or attempt to commit the offenses set forth in paragraph 1 shall not be punished if the offense is obviously slight.
Article 191
A person who manufactures, sells, or offers for sale food, drink, or any other thing injurious to health shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than six months or short-term imprisonment; in lieu thereof, or in addition thereto, a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars may be imposed.
Article 191-1
A person who poisons drink, food or other products of another openly display for sale by adulterating, addiing, or smearing with poisonous substance or other injurious matters shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than seven years.
A person who mixes drink, food, or any other product that is adulterated, added, or smeared with poisonous substance, which is thereby injurious to another’s bodily health, with other’s drink, food, or other products offered for sale shall be subject to same punishment.
If the offense specified in the two preceding paragraphs results in death, the offender shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment for not less than seven years; if the offense results in serious physical injury, the offender shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years.
An attempt to commit the offenses specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 is punishable.
Article 192
A person who violates a quarantine law or order concerning inspection or immigration promulgated for the prevention of contagious diseases shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than two years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars.
A person who endangers public safety by exposing a corpse having infectious germs or who by other means spreads disease germs shall be subject to the same punishment.
Article 193
A contractor or an overseer who endangers public safety by violating an established rule of construction in erecting or demolishing a structure shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years, short-term imprisonment, or a fine of not more than ninety thousand dollars.
Article 194
A person who during a time of public calamity endangers public safety by failing to deliver provisions or other necessities which he has contracted to deliver to a public official or charity organization or by delivering things not in conformity with the terms of a contract shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than ninety thousand dollars may be imposed.
Chapter 12
Offenses of Counterfeiting Currency
Article 195
A person who counterfeits or alters a currently used coin, paper currency, or banknote with the intention to circulate shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than five years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than one hundred fifty thousand dollars may be imposed.
An attempt to commit the offense specified in the preceding paragraph is punishable.
Article 196
A person who circulate a counterfeit or altered coin, paper currency, or banknote or who collects it from or delivers it to another with the intention to circulate shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than one hundred fifty thousand dollars may be imposed.
A person who does not know that the coin, paper currency, of banknote he has possessed is counterfeit and after receiving it, circulate or with the intention to delivers it to another shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than fifteen thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit the offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 197
A person who reduces the weight of a coin with the intention to circulate shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than ninety thousand dollars may be imposed.
An attempt to commit the offense provided in the proceeding paragraph is punishable.
Article 198
A person who circulate a coin of reduced weight or who collects it from or delivers it to another with the intention to circulate shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars maybe imposed.
A person who knows the coin is of reduced weight after he receives it, still circulates or with the intention to circulate to delivers it to another shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than three thousand dollars.
An attempt to commit the offense specified in paragraph 1 is punishable.
Article 199
A person who manufactures, delivers, or receives an instrument or material with the intention that it be used to counterfeit or alter a currently used coin, paper currency, or banknote or that it be used to reduce the weight of a currently used coin shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than five year; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars may be imposed.
Article 200
A counterfeit or altered currently used coin, paper currency, or banknote, coin of reduced weight, or an instrument or material specified in the preceding article shall be confiscated whether or not it belongs to the offender.
Chapter 13
Offenses of Counterfeiting Securities
Article 201
A person who counterfeits or alters a government bond, stock certificate, or another security with the intention to circulate shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than three years but not more than ten years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than ninety thousand dollars may be imposed.
A person who circulates a counterfeit or altered government bond, stock certificate, or another security or who collects it from or delivers it to another with the intention to circulate shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than ninety thousand dollars may be imposed.
Article 201-1
A person who counterfeits or alters a credit card, bank card, value-deposit card, or any other electromagnetic instrument used for closing a bill, withdrawing money, transferring money, or paying money, with the intention that it be put into use, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year but not more than seven years; in addition therefore, a fine of not more than ninety thousand dollars may be imposed.
A person who uses the counterfeit or altered electromagnetic instruments specified in the preceding paragraph for closing a bill, withdrawing money, transferring money, or paying money or who takes such an instrument from or gives one to another with the intention to circulate shall be sentenced to imprisonment of not more than five years; in addition thereto, a fine of ninety thousand dollars may be imposed.
Article 202
A person who counterfeited or alters a postal stamp or revenue stamp with the intention to circulate shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than six months but not more than five years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars may be imposed.
A person who circulates a counterfeit or altered postal stamp or revenue stamp or who collects it from or delivers it to another with the intention to circulate shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three years; in addition thereto, a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars may be imposed.
A person who removes the cancellation mark on a postal or revenue stamp with the intention to circulate shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year, short-term imprisonment, or fine of not more than nine thousand dollars; a person who puts it into circulation shall be subject to the same punishment.
Article 203
A person who counterfeits or alters a ticket issued to transport a passenger on a vessel, train, electric car, or any other similar ticket with the intentio